GitHub Actions 部署自动化：从 Push 到上线只需一行

为什么选 GitHub Actions？

比起 Jenkins 和 GitLab CI，GitHub Actions 的最大优势是零配置——它直接知道仓库结构，不用像 Docker 部署那样手动搭建编排系统。

.github/workflows/deploy.yml

name: Deploy\n\non:\n  push:\n    branches: [ main ]\n\njobs:\n  build-and-deploy:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions/checkout@v4\n      \n      - name: Build Docker Image\n        run: |\n          docker build -t myapp:${{ github.sha }} .\n          docker tag myapp:${{ github.sha }} registry.example.com/myapp:latest\n      \n      - name: Deploy to Server\n        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master\n        with:\n          host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}\n          username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }}\n          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}\n          script: |\n            docker pull registry.example.com/myapp:latest\n            docker stop myapp || true\n            docker rm myapp || true\n            docker run -d --name myapp -p 8080:8080 registry.example.com/myapp:latest

这套流水线与 CI/CD 工具对比中推荐的方案一致——用云原生方案减少运维负担。

关键要点

1. Secrets 管理：SSH Key、Registry Token 走 GitHub Secrets
2. 缓存加速：Docker layer cache 能缩短构建时间 60%
3. 通知机制：部署完成后通过 webhook 推送到钉钉/飞书